#### **Introduction to Authoritarianism** - **Linz, Juan J.** *Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes*. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. (Chapter 1) - **Svolik, Milan W.** *The Politics of Authoritarian Rule*. Cambridge University Press, 2012. (Introduction) - **Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way.** "The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism." *Journal of Democracy* 13, no. 2 (2002): 51-65. #### **Typologies of Dictatorships** - **Geddes, Barbara.** "What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years?" *Annual Review of Political Science* 2 (1999): 115-144. - **Cheibub, José Antonio, Jennifer Gandhi, and James Raymond Vreeland.** "Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited." *Public Choice* 143, no. 1 (2010): 67-101. - **Hadenius, Axel, and Jan Teorell.** "Pathways from Authoritarianism." *Journal of Democracy* 18, no. 1 (2007): 143-157. #### **The Political Economy of Dictatorship** - **Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson.** *Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy*. Cambridge University Press, 2006. (Chapters 1-3) - **Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, et al.** *The Logic of Political Survival*. MIT Press, 2003. (Chapter 1) - **Wintrobe, Ronald.** *The Political Economy of Dictatorship*. Cambridge University Press, 1998. (Chapters 2-3) #### **Authoritarian Institutions and Co-optation** - **Gandhi, Jennifer.** *Political Institutions Under Dictatorship*. Cambridge University Press, 2008. (Chapters 1-4) - **Magaloni, Beatriz.** *Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico*. Cambridge University Press, 2006. (Chapters 1-2) - **Boix, Carles, and Milan Svolik.** "The Foundations of Limited Authoritarian Government: Institutions and Power-sharing in Dictatorships." *Journal of Politics* 75, no. 2 (2013): 300-316. #### **Repression and State Violence** - **Davenport, Christian.** *State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace*. Cambridge University Press, 2007. (Chapters 2-4) - **Escribà-Folch, Abel, and Joseph Wright.** "Human Rights Violations, Institutional Change, and Regime Survival." *International Studies Quarterly* 59, no. 3 (2015): 357-370. - **Bellin, Eva.** "The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective." *Comparative Politics* 36, no. 2 (2004): 139-157. #### **Leadership, Succession, and Personalism** - **Svolik, Milan W.** *The Politics of Authoritarian Rule*. Cambridge University Press, 2012. (Chapters 4-6) - **Geddes, Barbara, Erica Frantz, and Joseph Wright.** "Military Rule." *Annual Review of Political Science* 17 (2014): 147-162. - **Tullock, Gordon.** *Autocracy*. Springer, 1987. (Chapters 1-2) #### **Information Control and Propaganda** - **Guriev, Sergei, and Daniel Treisman.** "How Modern Dictators Survive: Cooptation, Censorship, Propaganda, and Repression." *Annual Review of Economics* 11 (2019): 619-638. - **King, Gary, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E. Roberts.** "How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression." *American Political Science Review* 107, no. 2 (2013): 326-343. - **Wedeen, Lisa.** *Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria*. University of Chicago Press, 1999. (Chapters 1-3) #### **The Role of Ideology in Dictatorship** - **Friedrich, Carl J., and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski.** *Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy*. Harvard University Press, 1956. (Chapters 5-6) - **Linz, Juan J.** "An Authoritarian Regime: Spain." In *Cleavages, Ideologies, and Party Systems*. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970. - **Slater, Dan.** *Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia*. Cambridge University Press, 2010. (Chapter 4) #### **Regime Transitions to Dictatorship** - **Huntington, Samuel P.** *The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century*. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. (Chapters 1-3) - **Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way.** *Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War*. Cambridge University Press, 2010. (Chapters 2-4) - **Przeworski, Adam.** *Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990*. Cambridge University Press, 2000. (Chapters 4-5) #### **Dictatorships and International Relations** - **Weeks, Jessica L.** *Dictators at War and Peace*. Cornell University Press, 2014. (Chapters 1-3) - **Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way.** "Linkage, Leverage, and the Post-Cold War Authoritarianism." *Journal of Democracy* 16, no. 3 (2005): 20-34. - **Escribà-Folch, Abel.** "Authoritarian Responses to Foreign Pressure: Spending, Repression, and Sanctions." *Comparative Political Studies* 45, no. 6 (2012): 683-713. #### **Regime Collapse and Transitions to Democracy** - **O’Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe Schmitter.** *Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies*. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. (Chapters 2-3) - **Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas van de Walle.** *Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective*. Cambridge University Press, 1997. (Chapters 6-7) - **Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman.** *The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions*. Princeton University Press, 1995. (Chapters 1-2) #### **Hybrid Regimes and Competitive Authoritarianism** - **Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way.** *Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War*. Cambridge University Press, 2010. (Chapters 1-2) - **Diamond, Larry.** "Thinking About Hybrid Regimes." *Journal of Democracy* 13, no. 2 (2002): 21-35. - **Howard, Marc Morjé, and Philip G. Roessler.** "Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes." *American Journal of Political Science* 50, no. 2 (2006): 365-381. #### **The Digital Age and Dictatorship** - **Gunitsky, Seva.** "Social Media and the Authoritarian Breakdown: How Digital Information Threatens Autocratic Rule." *Perspectives on Politics* 15, no. 2 (2017): 42-65. - **Roberts, Margaret E.** *Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China’s Great Firewall*. Princeton University Press, 2018. (Chapters 3-5) - **Lorentzen, Peter.** "China’s Strategic Censorship." *American Journal of Political Science* 58, no. 2 (2014): 402-414. #### **Conclusion and Reflections** - **Diamond, Larry, and Marc F. Plattner, eds.** *The Global Divergence of Democracies*. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. (Selected Chapters) - **Levitsky, Steven, and Daniel Ziblatt.** *How Democracies Die*. Crown Publishing, 2018. (Chapters 8-9) - **Schedler, Andreas.** *The Politics of Uncertainty: Sustaining and Subverting Electoral Authoritarianism*. Oxford University Press, 2013. (Chapters 5-6) --- #### **Supplementary Readings:** - **Tullock, Gordon.** *The Social Dilemma of Autocracy, Revolution, Coup d'Etat, and War*. Liberty Fund, 2005. - **Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way.** *Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism*. Princeton University Press, 2022. - **Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson.** *The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty*. Penguin, 2019. - **Fathali M. Moghaddam.** *The Psychology of Dictatorship*. American Psychological Association, 2013. ---